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NCERT Notes — Class 12

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Accountancy

Biology

Biodiversity and Conservation

Biotechnology and its Applications

Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

Environmental Issues

Human Health and Diseases

Human Reproduction

Microbes in Human Welfare

Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Organisms and Populations

Principle of Inheritance and Variation

Reproduction in Organisms

Reproductive Health

Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Business Studies

Chemistry

Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Biomolecules

Chemical Kinetics

Chemistry in Everyday Life

Coordination Compounds

Electrochemistry

General Principle and Processes of Isolation of Elements

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

Solid States

Surface Chemistry

The d- and f-Block Elements

The p-Block Elements

Economics

English

Geography

Hindi

History

Mathematics

Application of Derivatives

Application of Integrals

Continuity and Differentiability

Determinants

Differential Equations

Inverse Trigonometric Functions

Linear Programming

Relations and Functions

Three Dimensional Geometry

Vector Algebra

Physics

Alternating Current

Communication Systems

Current Electricity

Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter

Electric Charges and Fields

Electromagnetic Induction

Electromagnetic Waves

Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance

Magnetism and Matter

Moving Charges and Magnetism

Ray Optics and Optical Instruments

Semiconductor Electronics

Political Science

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NCERT Notes — Class 12

Accountancy

Basic Accounting Terms (Class 12)

Theory Base of Accounting (Class 12)

Recording of Transactions (Class 12)

Bank Reconciliation Statement (Class 12)

Depreciation (Class 12)

Financial Statements (Class 12)

Partnership Accounts (Class 12)

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Question Paper 2026

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Question Paper 2021

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Question Paper 2023

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Question Paper 2024

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Question Paper 2022

CBSE Class 12 Accountancy Question Paper 2025

Biology

NCERT Exemplar: Biodiversity and Conservation (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Biotechnology and its Applications (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Biotechnology: Principles and Processes (Class 12 Biology)

Diversity in Living World (Class 12)

Structural Organisation (Class 12)

Cell: Structure and Functions (Class 12)

Plant Physiology (Class 12)

Human Physiology (Class 12)

Genetics and Evolution (Class 12)

Ecology (Class 12)

NCERT Exemplar: Ecosystem (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Environmental Issues (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Evolution (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Human Health and Diseases (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Human Reproduction (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Microbes in Human Welfare (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Molecular Basis of Inheritance (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Organisms and Populations (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Principle of Inheritance and Variation (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Reproduction in Organisms (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Reproductive Health (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants (Class 12 Biology)

NCERT Exemplar: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production (Class 12 Biology)

CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2026

CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2025

CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2022

CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2023

CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2024

CBSE Class 12 Biology Question Paper 2021

Business Studies

Nature and Purpose of Business (Class 12)

Forms of Business Organisation (Class 12)

Business Environment (Class 12)

Principles of Management (Class 12)

Financial Management (Class 12)

Marketing (Class 12)

Consumer Protection (Class 12)

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Question Paper 2024

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Question Paper 2021

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Question Paper 2025

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Question Paper 2022

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Question Paper 2023

CBSE Class 12 Business Studies Question Paper 2026

Chemistry

NCERT Exemplar: Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Amines (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Biomolecules (Class 12 Chemistry)

Structure of Atom (Class 12)

Chemical Bonding (Class 12)

States of Matter (Class 12)

Thermodynamics (Class 12)

Equilibrium (Class 12)

Organic Chemistry - Basic Principles (Class 12)

Hydrocarbons (Class 12)

NCERT Exemplar: Chemical Kinetics (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Chemistry in Everyday Life (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Coordination Compounds (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Electrochemistry (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: General Principle and Processes of Isolation of Elements (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Polymers (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Solid States (Class 12 Chemistry)

NCERT Exemplar: Solutions (Class 12 Chemistry)